Monday 28 May 2012

Shared L2 vs Cell local stores


Scratchpad memoryRegarding interprocessor communication in a multicore setup, there are similarities between the Cell's inter-localstore DMA and a Shared L2 cache setup as in the Intel Core 2 Duo or the Xbox 360's custom powerPC: the L2 cache allows processors to share results without those results having to be committed to main memory. This can be an advantage where the working set for an algorithm encompasses the entirety of the L2 cache. However, when a program is written to take advantage of inter-localstore DMA, the Cell has the benefit of each-other-Local-Store serving the purpose of BOTH the private workspace for a single processor AND the point of sharing between processors; i.e., the other Local Stores are on a similar footing viewed from one processor as the shared L2 cache in a conventional chip. The tradeoff is that of memory wasted in buffering and programming complexity for synchronization, though this would be similar to precached pages in a conventional chip. Domains where using this capability is effective include:
Pipeline processing (where one achieves the same effect as increasing the L1 cache's size by splitting one job into smaller chunks).
Extending the working set, e.g., a sweet spot for a merge sort where the data fits within 8x256KiB
Shared code uploading, like loading a piece of code to one SPU, then copy it from there to the others to avoid hitting the main memory again.
It would be possible for a conventional processor to gain similar advantages with cache-control instructions, for example, allowing the prefetching to the L1 bypassing the L2, or an eviction hint that signaled a transfer from L1 to L2 but not committing to main memory; however, at present no systems offer this capability in a usable form and such instructions in effect should mirror explicit transfer of data among cache areas used by each core.

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